HAND AXE TYPES
The classification of handaxes is based on their shape (morphology).
This morphology can be quantified with a series of measurements
Ratios are calculated from these measurements
L/A: L [maximum length] / A [distance from point of maximum width
to base]
expresses the position of maximum width in relation to the length
N/M x 100: N [width halfway up the axe] / M [maximum width]
expresses the roundness of the sides
M/E: M [maximum width] / E [maximum thickness]
expresses the thickness relative to width, or 'refinement' of
the axe
if M/E < 2.35 then axe is THICK
if M/E > 2.35 then axe is THIN
L/M: L [maximum length] / M [maximum width]
expresses the elongation of the axe
examples of how L/M can effect the classification of the hand
axe.
an L/M > 1.5 would make a cordiform axe an 'elongated cordiform'
an L/M > 1.5 would make a triangular axe an 'elongated triangular'
an L/M > 1.6 would make a ovate axe a 'limande'
an L/M < 1.3 would make a ovate axe a 'discoid'
In order to automate this classification an expert
system has been developed that requires the measurements to
be entered into the appropriate field. In addition, there are
also three 'qualitative' variables.
ENDFORM, SIDEFORM and RETOUCH. These variable have three possible
variables:
ENDFORM can be pointed, round or straight
SIDEFORM can be symmetric, asymmetric or 'backed' (i.e. naturally
backed with a blunt unretouched edge).
RETOUCH can be continuous, partial or tranchet (i.e. the end is
retouched by a tranchet blow).
The measurements are entered, the appropriate value for the
qualitative variables is selected by 'mouse click' and the expert
system is activated.
The hand axe will be automatically classified.
The relavant expert system rules can be accessed. For example
the AXE IS A LIMANDE if:
L/M < 1.6
N/M > 80
end is round
sides are symmetric